Are pasture-raised eggs more nutritious than other eggs?

With the vast space available to hens, access to daily, fresh pasture with grass, plants, insects, bugs etc. can be guaranteed. Such diversity in natural food results in higher nutrition profile in each and every egg. The same has been verified by multiple independent studies internationally. See more below:

Finding	Reference	Link
Compared with caged eggs, pasture-raised eggs had 2× vitamin E, 2× long-chain omega-3 fats, 2.5× total omega-3 fatty acids, and less than half the omega-6: omega-3 ratio. Vitamin A concentration was also 38% higher.	Karsten et al., Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 2010	1
Pasture-raised eggs had more vitamin E, omega-3 fats, and a better omega-6: omega-3 ratio than commercial eggs.	Penn State summary of Karsten et al. study	2
Pasture-raised eggs had about 2× carotenoids, 3× omega-3 fatty acids, and a 5–10× lower omega-6: omega-3 ratio compared with conventional/free-range categories studied.	Sergin et al., Foods, 2022	3
Found pasture-raised egg yolks had more retinol, higher carotenoids, and higher α-tocopherol/vitamin E than conventional eggs	Sergin et al., 2021 — ACS Food Science & Technology	4
Hens exposed to sunlight produced yolks with 3–4× higher vitamin D3 than indoor hens	Kühn et al., 2014 — Nutrition	5

Links:

1	https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/renewable-agriculture-and-food-systems/article/abs/vitamins-a-e-and-fatty-acid-composition-of-the-eggs-of-caged-hens-and-pastured-hens/552BA04E5A9E3CD7E49E405B339ECA32
2	https://www.psu.edu/news/agricultural-sciences/story/research-shows-eggs-pastured-chickens-may-be-more-nutritious
3	https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9658713/
4	https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.0c00093
5	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0899900713004474